Publications
2022
- Liu, C., Su, Z. W., Xu, X., & Lu, Y. Q. (2022). Service-oriented industrial internet of things gateway for cloud manufacturing. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 73, 14. [DOI]
- Lu, Y., Wang, L., Bao, J., Lastra, J. M., & Ameri, F. (2022). Semantic artificial intelligence for smart manufacturing automation. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 102333. [DOI]
- Lu, Y., Zheng, H., Chand, S., Xia, W., Liu, Z., Xu, X., … & Bao, J. (2022). Outlook on human-centric manufacturing towards Industry 5.0. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 62, 612-627. [DOI]
2021
- Xu, X., Lu, Y., Vogel-Heuser, B., & Wang, L. (2021). Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0—Inception, conception and perception. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 61, 530-535. [DOI]
- Aheleroff, S., Mostashiri, N., Xu, X., & Zhong, R. Y. (2021). Mass Personalisation as a Service in Industry 4.0: A Resilient Response Case Study. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 50, 15. [DOI]
- Qin, Z., & Lu, Y. (2021). Self-organizing manufacturing network: A paradigm towards smart manufacturing in mass personalization. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 60, 35-47. [DOI]
- Aheleroff, S., Xu, X., Zhong, R. Y., & Lu, Y. (2021). Digital twin as a service (DTaaS) in industry 4.0: an architecture reference model. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 47, 101225. [DOI] (ESI Highly Cited Paper)
- Lu, Y., Adrados, J. S., Chand, S. S., & Wang, L. (2021). Humans Are Not Machines—Anthropocentric Human–Machine Symbiosis for Ultra-Flexible Smart Manufacturing. Engineering, 7(6), 734–737. [DOI]
- Huang, H., Yang, L., Wang, Y., Xu, X., & Lu, Y. (2021). Digital Twin-driven online anomaly detection for an automation system based on edge intelligence. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 59, 138-150. [DOI]
- Liu, C., Zheng, P., & Xu, X. Digitalisation and servitisation of machine tools in the era of Industry 4.0: a review. International Journal of Production Research, 33. [DOI]
- Zhu, Z. X., Xi, X. L., Xu, X., & Cai, Y. L. (2021). Digital Twin-driven machining process for thin-walled part manufacturing. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 59, 453-466. [DOI]
- Fan, W., Zheng, L. Y., Ji, W., Xu, X., Lu, Y. Q., & Wang, L. H. (2021). A machining accuracy informed adaptive positioning method for finish machining of assembly interfaces of large-scale aircraft components. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 67, 19. [DOI]
2020
- Lu, Y. Q., Xu, X., & Wang, L. H. (2020). Smart manufacturing process and system automation – A critical review of the standards and envisioned scenarios. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 56, 312-325. [DOI] (ESI Highly Cited Paper)
- Fan, W., Zheng, L., Ji, W., Xu, X., Wang, L., Lu, Y., & Zhao, X. (2020). Function block-based closed-loop adaptive machining for assembly interfaces of large-scale aircraft components. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 66, 101994. [DOI]
- Lu, Y., & Asghar, M. (2020). Semantic communications between distributed cyber-physical systems towards collaborative automation for smart manufacturing. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 55, 348-359. [DOI]
- Flores, E., Xu, X., & Lu, Y. (2020). Human Capital 4.0: a workforce competence typology for Industry 4.0. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. [DOI]
- Ye, X., & Lu, Y. (2020). Automatic Extraction of Engineering Rules From Unstructured Text: A Natural Language Processing Approach. Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering, 20(3). [DOI]
- Aheleroff, S., Xu, X., Lu, Y., Aristizabal, M., Pablo Velásquez, J., Joa, B., & Valencia, Y. (2020). IoT-enabled smart appliances under industry 4.0: A case study. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 43, 101043. [DOI] (ESI Highly Cited Paper)
- Lu, Y., Liu, C., Wang, K., Huang, H. & Xu, X. (2020) Digital Twin-driven smart manufacturing: Connotation, reference model, applications and research issues. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 61. [DOI] (ESI High Cited Paper, ESI Hot Cited Paper)
2019
- Lu, Y., & Xu, X. (2019). Cloud-based manufacturing equipment and big data analytics to enable on-demand manufacturing services. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 57, 92-102. [DOI] (ESI High Cited Paper)
- Liu, C., Vengayil, H., Lu, Y., & Xu, X. (2019). A Cyber-Physical Machine Tools Platform using OPC UA and MTConnect. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 51, 61-74. [DOI]
- Lu, Y., Peng, T., & Xu, X. (2019). Energy-efficient cyber-physical production network: Architecture and technologies. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 129, 56-66. [DOI]
- Lu, Y., Wang, H., & Xu, X. (2019). ManuService ontology: A product data model for service-oriented business interactions in a cloud manufacturing environment. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 30(1), 317-334. [DOI] (ESI High Cited Paper)
2018
- Lu, Y., & Xu, X. (2018). Resource virtualization: A core technology for developing cyber-physical production systems. Journal of manufacturing systems, 47, 128-140. [DOI]
- Yu, C., Zhang, W., Xu, X., Ji, Y., & Yu, S. (2018). Data mining based multi-level aggregate service planning for cloud manufacturing. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 29 (6), 1351-1361. [DOI]
- Liu, C., Vengayil, H., Zhong, R. Y., & Xu, X. (2018). A systematic development method for cyber-physical machine tools. JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS, 48, 13-24. [DOI]
2017
- Zhong, R. Y., Xu, X., Klotz, E., & Newman, S. T. (2017). Intelligent Manufacturing in the Context of Industry 4.0: A Review. ENGINEERING, 3 (5), 616-630. [DOI]
- Xu, X. (2017). Machine Tool 4.0 for the new era of manufacturing. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 92 (5-8), 1893-1900. [DOI]
- Liu, C., Cao, S., Tse, W., & Xu, X. (2017). Augmented Reality-assisted Intelligent Window for Cyber-Physical Machine Tools. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 44, 280-286. [DOI]
- Zheng, P., Lu, Y., Xu, X., & Xie, S. Q. (2017). A system framework for OKP product planning in a cloud-based design environment. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 45, 73-85. [DOI]
- Liu, Y., Xu, X., Zhang, L., Wang, L., & Zhong, R. Y. (2017). Workload-based multi-task scheduling in cloud manufacturing. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 45, 3-20. [DOI]
- Zheng, P., Xu, X., Yu, S., & Liu, C. (2017). Personalized product configuration framework in an adaptable open architecture product platform. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 43 (Part 3), 422-435. [DOI]
- Schlechtendahl, J., Kretschmer, F., Sang, Z., Lechler, A., & Xu, X. (2017). Extended study of network capability for cloud based control systems. Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 43, 89-95. [DOI]
- Lu, Y., & Xu, X. (2017). A semantic web-based framework for service composition in a cloud manufacturing environment. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 42, 69-81. [DOI]
Earlier
- Liu, Y., & Xu, X. (2016). Industry 4.0 and cloud manufacturing: A comparative analysis. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 139 (3), 034701-034701. [DOI]
- Yu, C., Xu, X., & Lu, Y. (2015). Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Cyber-Physical Systems and Cloud Manufacturing – Concepts and relationships. Manufacturing Letters, 6, 5-9. [DOI]
- Wang, X. V., & Xu, X. W. (2015). A collaborative product data exchange environment based on STEP. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING, 28 (1), 75-86. [DOI]
- Lu, Y., Xu, X., & Xu, J. (2014). Development of a Hybrid Manufacturing Cloud. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 33 (4), 551-566. [DOI]
- Ou, L.-M., & Xu, X. (2013). Relationship matrix based automatic assembly sequence generation from a CAD model. Computer-Aided Design, 45 (7), 1053-1067. [DOI]
- Xu, X. (2012). From cloud computing to cloud manufacturing. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 28 (1), 75-86. [DOI]
- Ridwan, F., Xu, X., & Liu, G. (2012). A framework for machining optimisation based on STEP-NC. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 23 (3), 423-441. [DOI]
- Xu, X., Wang, L., & Newman, S. T. (2011). Computer-aided process planning – A critical review of recent developments and future trends. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 24 (1), 1-31. [DOI]
- Xu, X. W., Wang, H., Mao, J., Newman, S. T., Kramer, T. R., Proctor, F. M., & Michaloski, J. L. (2005). STEP-compliant NC research: The search for intelligent CAD/CAPP/CAM/CNC integration. International Journal of Production Research, 43 (17), 3703-3743. [DOI]
2021
- Qin, Z., & Lu, Y. (2021, June). Multi-Agent-Based Self-Organizing Manufacturing Network Towards Mass Personalization. In International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference (Vol. 85079, p. V002T07A016). American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
2020
- Ramesh, A., Qin, Z., & Lu, Y. (2020, September). Digital Thread Enabled Manufacturing Automation Towards Mass Personalization. In International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference (Vol. 84263, p. V002T07A008). American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
- Xia, W., Goh, J., Cortes, C. A., Lu, Y., & Xu, X. (2020, August). Decentralized coordination of autonomous AGVs for flexible factory automation in the context of Industry 4.0. In 2020 IEEE 16th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE) (pp. 488-493). IEEE.
- Letford, F., Rogers, M., Xu, X., & Lu, Y. (2020, August). Machine Learning to Empower a Cyber-Physical Machine Tool. In 2020 IEEE 16th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE) (pp. 989-994). IEEE.
- Flores, E., Xu, X., & Lu, Y. (2020, August). Human Cyber-Physical Systems: A skill-based correlation between humans and machines. In 2020 IEEE 16th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE) (pp. 1313-1318). IEEE.
- Qin, Z., Lu, Y., Zhang, H., Liu, X., & Zheng, L. (2020, September). A Reconfigurable Jig Assistant Assembly System Based on Wearable Devices. In International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference (Vol. 84263, p. V002T07A005). American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
2019
- Lu, Y., Huang, H., Liu, C., & Xu, X. (2019). Standards for Smart Manufacturing: A review. 2019 IEEE 15th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE). Presented at the 2019 IEEE 15th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE). [DOI]
Earlier
- Lu, Y., & Xu, X. (2015, September). Protecting intellectual property in a cloud manufacturing environment: Requirements and strategies. In IFIP International Conference on Advances in Production Management Systems (pp. 404-411). Springer, Cham.
- Lu, Y., & Xu, X. (2015, June). Process and production planning in a cloud manufacturing environment. In ASME 2015 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference (pp. V002T04A018-V002T04A018). American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
- Lu, Y., & Xu, X. (2014, December). Cloud manufacturing for a service-oriented paradigm shift. In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (pp. 1146-1150). IEEE.
- Lu, Y., Xu, J., & Xu, X. (2013, November). A new paradigm shift for manufacturing businesses. In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (pp. V011T06A001-V011T06A001). American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Books

Xu, X. (2009). Integrating Advanced Computer-Aided Design, Manufacturing, and Numerical Control: Principles and Implementations (1st). IGI Global. Main Office. 701 E. Chocolate Avenue. Hershey, PA 17033, USA: IGI Global. Pages: 424. [PDF]
Book Chapters

Ahel Eroff, S., Polzar, J., Huang, H., Zhu, Z., Tomzik, D., Lu, Y., … Xu, X. (2020). Smart manufacturing based on Digital Twin technologies. In C. Machado, J. P. Davim (Eds.) Industry 4.0 Challenges, Trends, and Solutions in Management and Engineering (pp. ). Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis Group. [DOI]